Last Updated on 2022-04-18 by Clay
題目
Given the root
of a binary search tree, and an integer k
, return the kth
smallest value (1-indexed) of all the values of the nodes in the tree.
Example 1:
Input: root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1 Output: 1
Example 2:
Input: root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3 Output: 3
Constraints:
- The number of nodes in the tree is
n
. 1 <= k <= n <= 104
0 <= Node.val <= 104
Follow up: If the BST is modified often (i.e., we can do insert and delete operations) and you need to find the kth smallest frequently, how would you optimize?
題目給定一組二元搜索樹和 k 值。我們要返回的,就是第 k 小的節點值。
解題思路
今天下班回家後太累了,follow up 看起來有點小麻煩就跳過不去理解它了。
深度優先搜索(DFS)解法
使用 DFS 解題的話,按照左節點展開 > 當前節點值 > 右節點展開…… 這樣的順序依序去讀值,然後每次拿到新的節點值時判斷是否計數已經來到了 k,在計數等於 k 時一路返回到最外頭,就能剛好把第 k 小的節點值當作答案。
深度優先搜索(DFS)解法複雜度
在 k 等於節點數的情況下我們得遍歷整棵 BST,故時間複雜度應設定為 O(n)。
而我們可以只宣告一些整數變數來完成這題,所以空間複雜度可以想像成 O(1)。
Time complexity | O(n) |
Space complexity | O(1) |
深度優先搜索(DFS)解法 C++ 範例程式碼
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
void dfs(TreeNode* root, int& n, int& k) {
// Base case
if (root == nullptr) return;
// Left
if (root->left != nullptr) {
dfs(root->left, n, k);
}
if (k == 0) return;
// Current node
n = root->val;
--k;
if (k == 0) return;
// Right
if (root->right != nullptr) {
dfs(root->right, n, k);
}
if (k == 0) return;
}
int kthSmallest(TreeNode* root, int k) {
// Init
int n;
// DFS
dfs(root, n, k);
return n;
}
};
深度優先搜索(DFS)解法 Python 範例程式碼
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def kthSmallest(self, root: Optional[TreeNode], k: int) -> int:
# Init
n = 0
def dfs(root):
nonlocal n, k
# Base case
if root:
# Left
if root.left:
dfs(root.left)
if k == 0: return
# Current node
n = root.val
k -= 1
if k == 0: return
# Right
if root.right:
dfs(root.right)
if k == 0: return
# DFS
dfs(root)
return n