問題描述
今天當我在一台新的 Linux 筆電上想要安裝 pyaudio（Python 中經常用於錄音的套件）時，我遇到了之前沒有遇過的錯誤：
Building wheel for pyaudio (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for pyaudio (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [18 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/pyaudio
copying src/pyaudio/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/pyaudio
running build_ext
building 'pyaudio._portaudio' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/src
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/src/pyaudio
gcc -pthread -B /home/clay/Tools/anaconda3/envs/llms/compiler_compat -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fPIC -O2 -isystem /home/clay/Tools/anaconda3/envs/llm
s/include -fPIC -O2 -isystem /home/clay/Tools/anaconda3/envs/llms/include -fPIC -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I/home/clay/Tools/anaconda3/envs/llms/include/python3.10 -c src/pyaudio/d
evice_api.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/src/pyaudio/device_api.o
src/pyaudio/device_api.c:9:10: fatal error: portaudio.h: No such file or directory
9 | #include "portaudio.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyaudio
Failed to build pyaudio
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pyaudio, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
解決方法
我們可以定位到編譯錯誤的位置：9 | #include “portaudio.h”，這代表當前系統可能缺乏相關的函式庫。
在查詢了相關的 Stackoverflow 討論後，我根據我的作業系統 Debian/Ubuntu 發行板，進行了portaudio19-dev 的安裝 —— 這將安裝 PortAudio 的開發文件以及剛剛編譯錯誤中提示所缺乏的標頭文件 portaudio.h。
sudo apt install portaudio19-dev
之後，我們便可以再次嘗試安裝 pyaudio 套件。
pip3 install pyaudio